Runways are named by a number between 01 and 36, which is generally the magnetic azimuth of the runway's heading in decadegrees. The runway thresholds are markings across the runway that denote the beginning and end of the designated space for landing and takeoff under non-emergency conditions. There are a number of runway marking as follows There are few basic terms which are to be understood before understand Instrument Landing System (ILS), which are as follows: It even enables aircraft to carry out automatic landings.Īs the technology is progressing a more modern approach called as Microwave Landing System (MLS) is being introduced it provided more accurate landing information. ILS is a precision approach system because it gives guidance in both the horizontal and the vertical plane. The system uses a combination of VHF and UHF radio waves to provide pilots with an accurate means of carrying out an instrument approach to a runway, giving guidance both in the horizontal and the vertical planes. The instrument landing system (ILS) is the most accurate used for precision approaches and landings. This system was known as Instrument Landing System (ILS). In order to increase the number of aircraft landing at an runways and for aircraft able to land under low visibility condition instrumentation provided in the cockpit provide steering information to the pilot which, if obeyed, will cause the aircraft to make an accurate and safe decent and touchdown. without any indication from instruments about the aircraft's position relative to the desired approach path.Īlthough the VFR are still into existence a system called as precision approach radar (PAR) system was used, whereby the air traffic controller, having the aircraft 'on radar', can give guidance over the v.h.f.-r.t. One of the basic system used for landing of an aircraft are visual flight rules (VFR), i.e.
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